Cleaning a Native American turquoise necklace requires a precise approach, distinct from standard jewelry care. The inherent properties of turquoise—its porosity and sensitivity to chemicals—combined with the sterling silver settings often found in these pieces, demand careful consideration. Improper cleaning can permanently alter the stone's color, diminish its natural luster, or even cause structural damage, impacting both its aesthetic appeal and its collectible value. This guide outlines the specific steps and precautions necessary to maintain the integrity and beauty of your turquoise jewelry.
Understanding the Materials: Turquoise and Sterling Silver
Before any cleaning begins, recognize the distinct characteristics of the components. Turquoise is a relatively soft, porous hydrous phosphate mineral. Its porosity means it can absorb oils, lotions, and chemicals, leading to discoloration (often turning green or brown) or even damage. Many Native American turquoise pieces feature natural, untreated stones, which are particularly vulnerable. Stabilized turquoise, while more durable due to resin impregnation, still benefits from gentle care.
Sterling silver, the common metal used in these necklaces, is an alloy of 92.5% silver and 7.5% other metals, typically copper. Copper reacts with airborne sulfur compounds, causing the silver to tarnish and darken over time. While tarnish is a natural process, removing it requires methods that do not harm the adjacent turquoise.
Essential Cleaning Supplies
Gathering the correct tools before you start ensures a smooth and safe cleaning process. Avoid abrasive materials or harsh chemical cleaners, which can cause irreversible damage.
- Soft, lint-free cloths (e.g., microfiber, chamois)
- Distilled water (tap water can leave mineral deposits)
- Mild, pH-neutral soap (e.g., pure castile soap, baby shampoo)
- Soft-bristled toothbrush or cotton swabs
- Silver polishing cloth (specifically for sterling silver, avoid direct contact with turquoise)
- Small bowl or container
Step-by-Step Cleaning Process
Initial Inspection and Dust Removal
Before applying any moisture or cleaning agents, carefully inspect the necklace for loose stones, cracks, or structural damage. Use a dry, soft cloth or a very soft brush to gently wipe away any surface dust or loose debris. This prevents scratching during the wet cleaning phase.
Cleaning the Turquoise Stones
Best for: General dirt and body oil removal without risking discoloration.
Prepare a solution of distilled water and a tiny drop of mild, pH-neutral soap in a small bowl. Dip a clean, soft cloth into the solution, wring it out thoroughly so it is only damp, not wet. Gently wipe each turquoise stone. For intricate carvings or crevices, use a cotton swab dipped in the same solution, again ensuring it's barely damp. Avoid soaking the turquoise, as prolonged exposure to water can cause the stone to absorb moisture and change color or become brittle. Work quickly and efficiently.
Cleaning the Sterling Silver Components
Best for: Removing tarnish from silver settings without harming the turquoise.
Once the turquoise is cleaned, focus on the silver. For light tarnish, a specialized silver polishing cloth is often sufficient. Carefully rub only the silver portions, taking extreme care to avoid rubbing the cloth directly against the turquoise. Many silver polishing cloths contain mild abrasives or chemical agents that can damage porous stones. If the tarnish is heavier, use a damp cotton swab with a very small amount of the mild soap solution, targeting only the silver. For areas directly adjacent to turquoise, apply the solution with a cotton swab and immediately wipe clean with a separate, dry cotton swab. Never submerge the entire necklace in silver cleaner.
Warning: Never use ultrasonic cleaners, chemical dips, or abrasive pastes on Native American turquoise jewelry. Ultrasonic vibrations can crack porous stones, loosen settings, or damage inlay work. Chemical dips contain strong acids or ammonia that will permanently discolor turquoise and can strip away the natural patina that contributes to the piece's character and age.
Rinsing and Drying
After cleaning, it is crucial to rinse away any soap residue. Use a fresh, clean cloth dampened with only distilled water to wipe down the entire necklace, paying close attention to crevices. Immediately after rinsing, thoroughly dry the necklace with a soft, dry, lint-free cloth. Ensure no moisture remains, especially in settings or between beads. Air dry for several hours in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight before storing.
Specific Considerations for Different Styles
Inlay and Heishi Necklaces
Necklaces with inlay work (small pieces of turquoise set into a matrix) or heishi beads (small, disc-shaped beads strung together) require extra caution. The small gaps between inlay pieces or the stringing material of heishi beads can trap moisture. Use cotton swabs and a very dry cleaning method to avoid introducing water into these vulnerable areas.
Fetish Necklaces
Fetish necklaces often incorporate various natural materials like shell, coral, and different stones alongside turquoise. Each material may have different sensitivities. When cleaning, identify each component and use the gentlest method suitable for the most delicate material present. Generally, a dry soft brush followed by a barely damp cloth is the safest approach.
What to Avoid
To preserve your Native American turquoise necklace, avoid:
- Harsh Chemicals: Ammonia, bleach, chlorine, jewelry cleaning solutions (especially those for silver), and even hand sanitizers can permanently damage turquoise.
- Abrasive Materials: Scouring pads, abrasive cloths, or stiff brushes will scratch both the silver and the turquoise.
- Soaking: Never submerge turquoise jewelry in water or any cleaning solution.
- Extreme Temperatures: Sudden changes in temperature or prolonged exposure to direct sunlight can cause turquoise to crack or change color.
- Cosmetics and Lotions: Apply perfumes, hairspray, lotions, and makeup before putting on your necklace to prevent chemical residue from accumulating on the stones.
Preserving Your Necklace for Longevity
Proper storage and regular, gentle care are key to maintaining your necklace's beauty. Store your turquoise necklace separately from other jewelry to prevent scratching. A soft cloth pouch or a lined jewelry box is ideal. Keep it in a cool, dry environment, away from direct sunlight, humidity, and extreme temperatures. Regularly wipe the necklace with a dry, soft cloth after wearing to remove body oils and light dust, reducing the frequency of deeper cleaning.
Common Questions About Turquoise Care
Can I use toothpaste to clean the silver on my necklace?
No, toothpaste is abrasive and can scratch both the silver and the turquoise. It can also leave a residue that is difficult to remove from porous stones. Stick to dedicated silver polishing cloths or mild soap solutions.
My turquoise necklace has turned green. Can I restore its original color?
Once turquoise has absorbed oils or chemicals and changed color, it is usually a permanent alteration. This is why preventative care is crucial. Attempts to "restore" the color with harsh chemicals will likely cause further damage.
How often should I clean my Native American turquoise necklace?
Only clean your necklace when it appears visibly dirty or tarnished. For regular maintenance, a quick wipe with a dry, soft cloth after each wear is sufficient. Over-cleaning can be as detrimental as under-cleaning.
Is it safe to wear my turquoise necklace in the shower?
No, it is not safe. Soaking turquoise in water, exposing it to soap and shampoo chemicals, and the steam from a shower can all be harmful to the stone and potentially loosen settings.
